Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors provide a versatile platform for cellular processes. Their design includes an array of hollow fibers, serving as selective barriers. Fine-tuning the structure and material properties of these fibers is crucial for achieving desired process performance. Key design c

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) process has emerged as a prominent solution for wastewater treatment due to its ability to achieve high removal efficiencies of organic matter, nutrients, and suspended solids. MBRs integrate a biological reactor with a membrane separation unit, effectively combining the ad